ABSTRACT
Abstract: Among the ecoregions that comprise the high-Andean zone of the Tropical Andes, the Puna and the Yungas stand out for covering a large part of the Peruvian Eastern Andes. Located in the ecotone of these two ecoregions, the Pampa Hermosa National Sanctuary (PHNS) houses one of the priority areas for conservation in Peru. However, the biodiversity of the high-Andean zone of the sanctuary and its surroundings remains poorly studied. Thus, through camera traps and transects, we sought to inventory for the first time the medium and large mammals from the high-Andean region of the PHNS and its buffer zone. We recorded 11 native and three domestic species of medium and large mammals. The richness of native mammals sampled reached 91.7% of the estimated richness (S est.= 11.99 ± 1.85). Among the native species Odocoileus virginianus had the highest relative frequency (56%). We recorded three endemic mammals from the Tropical Andes, Cuniculus taczanowskii, Tremarctos ornatus, and Pudu mephistopheles. The observed richness was higher than most surveys of medium and large mammals carried out in the Puna-forest ecotone in Peru, where the reported richness ranged from 4 to 13 species. In addition, our records of Leopardus pardalis and Eira barbara are the highest for all distribution of these two carnivores. Our results showed that more than 90% of the species recorded were found in it, demonstrating that the entire high-Andean region of the PHNS and its surroundings has an important value for the local mammal community.
Resumo: Dentre as ecorregiões que compreendem a zona alto-andina dos Andes Tropicais, a Puna e as Yungas se destacam por abranger grande parte dos Andes Orientais peruanos. Localizado no ecótono entre estas duas ecorregiões, o Santuário Nacional Pampa Hermosa (SNPH) abriga uma das áreas prioritárias para conservação no Peru. No entanto, a biodiversidade da zona alto-andina do santuário e seu entorno permanece pouco estudada. Dessa forma, através de armadilhas fotográficas e transectos, buscamos inventariar pela primeira vez os mamíferos de médio e grande porte da região alto-andina do SNPH e de sua zona de amortecimento. Nós registramos 11 espécies nativas e três espécies domésticas de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. A riqueza observada dos mamíferos nativos atingiu 91,7% da riqueza estimada (S est.= 11,99 ± 1,85). Dentre as espécies nativas, Odocoileus virginianus foi a que apresentou a maior frequência relativa (56%). Registramos três mamíferos endêmicoss dos Andes Tropicais, Cuniculus taczanowskii, Tremarctos ornatus, e Pudu mephistopheles. A riqueza observada foi superior que a maioria dos levantamentos de mamíferos de médio e grande porte feitos em ecótono Puna-bosque no Peru, onde a riqueza reportada variou de 4 a 13 espécies. Além disso, os registros de Leopardus pardalis e Eira barbara são os mais elevados para toda distribuição destes dois carnívoros. Nossos resultados demonstraram que mais de 90% das espécies registradas foram encontradas nela, demonstrando que toda região alto-andina do SNPH e seu entorno tem um importante valor para a fauna de mamíferos local.
ABSTRACT
Each kind of trap tends to be selective on species sampled, in a way that each one only reveals part of the abundance and species richness of the community sampled. In this way, in order to know the factors that affect the success of sampling methods is crucial for a better planning of experiments and data analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that affect the success of pitfall traps in capturing small mammals, such as trap size, designs and use of bait. The study was carried out in two reserves inside the campus of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), in South Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In total, 65 specimens belonging to 8 species were caught. Different types of trap design (Y-shaped and I-shaped) have not influenced the capture success of pitfalls. The same result was obtained for the different size of buckets, in exception for Oligoryzomys flavescens, in which larger buckets were more efficient. The use of baits was considered not necessary.
ABSTRACT
Each kind of trap tends to be selective on species sampled, in a way that each one only reveals part of the abundance and species richness of the community sampled. In this way, in order to know the factors that affect the success of sampling methods is crucial for a better planning of experiments and data analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that affect the success of pitfall traps in capturing small mammals, such as trap size, designs and use of bait. The study was carried out in two reserves inside the campus of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), in South Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In total, 65 specimens belonging to 8 species were caught. Different types of trap design (Y-shaped and I-shaped) have not influenced the capture success of pitfalls. The same result was obtained for the different size of buckets, in exception for Oligoryzomys flavescens, in which larger buckets were more efficient. The use of baits was considered not necessary.
Cada tipo de armadilha exerce uma seleção quanto às espécies capturadas, de forma que cada uma revela uma fração da riqueza e abundância da comunidade amostrada. Conhecer os fatores que afetam no sucesso dos métodos de captura é de fundamental importância para o planejamento de experimentos e análise de dados. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar fatores que podem afetar o sucesso de captura dos pitfalls (armadilhas de interceptação e queda), tais como forma da estação de captura, tamanho do balde e presença de isca. As coletas foram realizadas em duas Reservas Florestais localizados no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, na cidade de Lavras, Estado de Minas Gerais. Ao todo foram capturados 65 indivíduos de oito espécies. A forma das estações (Y ou linha) não influenciou no sucesso de captura dos pitfalls. Os diferentes tamanhos de balde não apresentaram sucessos de captura diferentes significativamente, exceto para a espécie Oligoryzomys flavescens, em que os baldes maiores foram mais eficientes. O uso de isca se mostrou dispensável.
Subject(s)
Animals , Research , Rodentia , Sampling Studies , MarsupialiaABSTRACT
Habitat fragmentation leads to isolation and reduce habitat areas, in addition to a series of negative effects on natural populations, affecting richness, abundance and distribution of animal species. In such a text, habitat corridors serve as an alternative for connectivity in fragmented landscapes, minimizing the effects of structural isolation of different habitat areas. This study evaluated the richness, composition and abundance of small mammal communities in forest fragments and in the relevant vegetation corridors that connect these fragments, located in Southern Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Ten sites were sampled (five forest fragments and five vegetation corridors) using the capture-mark-recapture method, from April 2007-March 2008. A total sampling effort of 6 300 trapnights resulted in 656 captures of 249 individuals. Across the 10 sites sampled, 11 small mammal species were recorded. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordinations and ANOSIM based on the composition of small mammal communities within the corridor and fragment revealed a qualitative difference between the two environments. Regarding abundance, there was no significant difference between corridors and fragments. In comparing mean values of abundance per species in each environment, only Cerradomys subflavus showed a significant difference, being more abundant in the corridor environment. Results suggest that the presence of several small mammal species in the corridor environment, in relatively high abundances, could indicate corridors use as habitat, though they might also facilitate and/or allow the movement of individuals using different habitat patches (fragments).
La fragmentación del hábitat conduce al aislamiento y la reducción de los hábitats, además provoca una serie de efectos negativos sobre las poblaciones naturales, afectando la riqueza, abundancia y distribución de las especies de animales. Dentro de este contexto, los corredores biológicos sirven como una alternativa para la conectividad de los paisajes fragmentados, minimizando los efectos del aislamiento estructural de las áreas con diferentes hábitats. Este estudio evaluó la riqueza, la composición y la abundancia de las comunidades de mamíferos pequeños en fragmentos de bosque y en los corredores de vegetación relevantes que conectan estos fragmentos, localizados en el sur de Minas Gerais, sudeste de Brasil. Diez sitios fueron muestraeados (cinco fragamentos de bosque y cinco corredores biológicos ) usando el método de captura-marcaje-recaptura, desde abril de 2007-marzo de 2008. Un esfuerzo total de muestreo de 6 300 trampas nocturnas resultó en 656 capturas de 249 individuos. En los 10 sitios muestreados, se registraron 11 especies de mamíferos pequeños. Las ordenaciones del escalamiento Multidimensional (MDS) y el ANOSIM basados en la composición de las comunidades de mamíferos pequeños dentro de los corredores y los fragmentos revelan una diferencia cualitativa entre estos dos ambientes. En cuanto a la abundancia, no hubo una diferencia significativa entre los corredores y los fragmentos. Al comparar los valores promedio de abundancia por especie en cada ambiente, sólo Cerradomys subflavus mostró una diferencia significativa, siendo más abundante en el ambiente del corredor biológico. Los resultados sugieren que la presencia de varias especies de mamíferos pequeños en el entorno del corredor biológico, en abundancias relativamente altas, podría indicar el uso de los corredores como hábitat, aunque estos también podrían facilitar y/o permitir el movimiento de individuos que utilizan los diferentes parches de hábitat (fragmentos).